Irvine Private Tutor And Advanced Placement Chemistry

Irvine Private Tutor And Advanced Placement ChemistryIn Irvine, CA, advanced placement chemistry is offered at the Lawrence Hall of Science and Cajon High School. With the use of online materials, this curriculum is flexible and engaging.Advanced placement chemistry is a challenging course in which students will be given an extensive program of assignments. All topics are covered with the purpose of completing a great deal of reading and learning, as well as preparing students for high school examinations. This course prepares students for success in their high school career by ensuring that they have a thorough knowledge of the material they will need for various exams, as well as a strong foundation in algebra, physics, chemistry, and other sciences.Chemistry is often considered a difficult subject to learn. Most of the time, students' efforts to master this subject are not always effective. Luckily, Irvine, CA, offers online resources to help students learn the material more effic iently. One of the most important benefits of studying online is that it allows students to take the course whenever they want, while also preventing them from feeling overwhelmed by the thought of a full-length class.A good amount of the material in advanced placement chemistry can be found in chemistry text books; however, much of the material can be easily learned through learning online. If you wish to study at your own pace, you can have your own private tutor help you complete all the necessary assignments for the course.If you are looking for a private tutor for advanced placement chemistry, Irvine, CA, has several tutors who specialize in the subject matter. These tutors offer high quality tuition services that ensure students complete assignments and study material on time.Although there are several tutors in Irvine, CA, you may want to contact a tutor who specializes in the subject. By studying with a specialist, you will have access to a personal tutor who can work with y ou during your entire course of study. Online tutoring means that you are not required to commute long distances, so you will no longer have to feel lost while attending class.Online tutoring is convenient because you will never have to leave home for classes or meet other deadlines. You can work on the assignments when you are free and the tutors can assist you throughout the semester. Since tutoring is online, you can continue your work from any computer.By studying online, you will have access to materials that offer you the opportunity to learn complex concepts through videos and easy-to-understand text. By practicing each concept on your own time, you will be able to begin to grasp the concepts and fully understand what you are being taught.

What Has Been Revealed About Intel Tutoring?

What Has Been Revealed About Intel Tutoring?It has been reported that the most successful computer tutors are those who have completed an Intel tutoring course. As a matter of fact, the instructors of the programs have discovered that students who have taken the course to perform better on their examinations than those who did not. The tutors also claim that the courses are becoming popular for both adults and children. Thus, one may find it advisable to take up the training.Learning and studying cannot be accomplished with just reading books. One should also come across the subject of education. It is through learning that one is able to earn a living, fulfill one's dreams and achieve one's goals. Therefore, it is important to educate oneself about the various subjects which will be essential for success in life. Moreover, one should make an effort to learn as much as possible because the only way to learn is by going through the experience.The best way to learn is through studying. When you take up a course, it would always be helpful to enroll for an instructor-led program. The instructor would be able to guide you in taking the appropriate courses as per your strengths and weaknesses. This would definitely help you learn. If you go ahead and join a regular school then you will not be able to take up an Intel tutoring course. However, the courses offered by the companies are perfect in this respect.You will be provided with assistance through the system that has been developed for the students. The instruction would be well structured and would assist you to understand the subject thoroughly. All you need to do is to check with the company which has offered the course and you can seek further information.Tutoring for parents would be useful. One may find the software very useful and can use it to solve the problems of their children. Parents would also find that they can benefit from such a course, which can ensure that their children do not fail in anything .With an intensive class, it is easy to motivate your child and enable him to attain his highest potential. The students enrolled in the program would have great confidence and this would improve their performance. Hence, it would be better to enroll in such a course.They will get a full attention from the teacher and they would learn how to think strategically while solving the different problems. A course which is customized for the students' academic skills would also be very beneficial. Thus, the training would be extremely beneficial for the students who wish to increase their abilities and achieve their desired goals.

How To Win The Wolf Prize In Chemistry

How To Win The Wolf Prize In ChemistryFor those who are keen to win a Wolf Prize in Chemistry you will be delighted to know that the competition for this award is fierce. It is worth your while to read on and understand the rules so that you can make a good choice.In physics, the Wolf Prize is presented to a student who has won a major discovery for his or her student group, or to a group of students for discovering a new result that is a major step forward in the study of physics. This award is also given to a student who has made an outstanding contribution to science. The jury also considers the impact of the winner upon other areas of research in the field of their choice. A scientific group has won the Wolf Prize in chemistry if it has written a significant paper which is being cited by other scientists all over the world.Many universities offer a PhD in chemistry as part of their curriculum. To qualify, you need to show your team-work and leadership abilities as well as your cr eativity, analytical ability and imagination and be open to ideas and experimental techniques.If you are unsure whether you can cope with the challenge of completing a course such as this, you may want to consult a fellow science student who knows what you are going through and who can help you cope. Although a PhD in chemistry is not difficult to achieve, you will have to adapt your approach to make it work, if you want to win the Wolf Prize in Chemistry.If you choose a course with lots of practical labs, as many in chemistry courses do, you may find it hard to stay focused on learning all the chemical formulas needed for the real coursework. You may also find that you get very little practical time to actually work with chemicals and crystallization; even if there is plenty of lab time. All this can make the course boring and at times even intimidating.Take your choice of course wisely. Because this award is awarded to a student in chemistry, there are usually several other compet itors. With so many scientists competing for the same award, it is important to select a course that is designed with a lot of flexibility in terms of the format of lectures and how you plan to do your lab work. If you spend most of your time in lecture halls, you may end up getting very little experience.The award has been available since 1930 and is well respected by other researchers. As there are no monetary prizes, the award can be only awarded to students who have really shone as a student. To win this award you need to show that you have a true interest in the subject of your PhD in chemistry.

Stay Current on Any Class This Summer with 3 Tips

Stay Current on Any Class This Summer with 3 Tips Your summer break is a well deserved vacation. Chances are youve spent the academic year studying, taking tests, and writing essays. Make time this summer to work, travel, and relax, but also to stay current on your classes. Here are three tips for staying current on any class this summer so that you will be ready to succeed when the fall semester rolls around: 1. Use memorization devices Depending on your course, memorizationdevices may be ideal for you. Here are a few mnemonic devices that may be able to help youdiscover your best learning style. Consider using index cards or electronic flashcards to record them and to study them. You can also keep a small notebook with informationthat you can review should you have a spare moment while riding the bus, doing your laundry, or waiting in a line. Mnemonic devices work well for many students, and if youre an auditory learner, formatting your new concepts into a catchy rhyme or song can be especially beneficial. These note-taking formatsmay be a usefulhelp as well. 2. Read material related to your topic Another way to stay current on class information is by reading supplemental material. Visit your local community or school library to find books or magazines on your courses subject. You may also be able to find study guides with practice testsfor informal review throughout the summer. These practice testsmay also be a good practice tool In addition to librarians, ask your professors for any recommendations they will likely have a wide-ranging knowledge of literature that is useful to you. Be careful not to limit yourself to print. Instead, conduct an online search of articles that pertain to your class. Sometimes, these articles will be free and available to anyone on the Internet. Other times, you may need to access them through a university or academic institution. Oftentimes, there will be new and interesting updates to your field of study. By seeking out material on your course topic over the summer, you may be ahead of the curve when school starts up again. 3. Find a study or discussion partner Working with someone else is a great way to stay academically up-to-date. Study sessions can increase your motivation and accountability for academic work that you might not want to do otherwise, especially during the summer months. By finding a classmate or friend to study with, you can bounce ideas off of each other and benefit from your shared knowledge and skills. If youre practicing a language, try to find a native speaker who can be your language partner. Look into events or workshops at community centers or libraries, as they may have educational gatherings suited to your topic of interest. If youd like to receive more focused learning, consider seeking a tutorfor the summer months. You dont have to let your skills and knowledge languish in the heat of the summer. You can stay current on a class by using any or all of the above tips to help you remember and even build on concepts youve learned throughout the school year. When you return in the fall, youll be fresh and ready to tackle your courses.

What Role did Pythagoras Play in the History of Math

What Role did Pythagoras Play in the History of Math Who is Pythagoras and What is the Pythagoras Formula? ChaptersThe Early Life of PythagorasThe History of the Pythagorean TheoremOther Important Discoveries made by PythagorasThe School of Pythagoreans in the Context of MathematicsEvery year sees new reforms in the sector of education, reforms which strive to fit the changing values and interests of the government and students alike. It is no surprise that, with each new revision, there are some concepts that manage to stay a part of the maths curriculum.One such example is the concepts discovered and expanded by the great, mathematician Pythagoras. While he is most known for the theorem he gave his name to, the Pythagoras theorem, there still remains quite a bit of Pythagoras in our countless other maths exercises. Cosines, trigonometry, reciprocals, square roots, fractions, geometry, arithmetic, tangent, symmetry â€" discover the influence of Pythagoras in the history of maths!If you're interested in other famous Greek philosophers and mathematicians, check out Archimedes of Syracuse! MyriamMaths Teacher 5.00 (13) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MarkMaths Teacher 5.00 (5) £200/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors Dr parikhMaths Teacher 5.00 (8) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors KamalMaths Teacher 5.00 (9) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors PetarMaths Teacher 5.00 (8) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors GowsikaMaths Teacher 5.00 (5) £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RubenMaths Teacher 5.00 (1) £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ConorMaths Teacher 4.75 (4) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsThe Early Life of PythagorasBorn on the Greek island of Samos at the end of the 6th century BCE, Pythagoras is known as one of the greatest mathematicians from antiquity. However, the elements of his history have not been completely proven as no document from his era has survived. While some biographies that include Pythagoras’ life have been found, all were written well after Pythagor as died.Legend has it that some months before his birth, an oracle predicted the birth of a gifted being to Pythagoras’ father. This is how Pythagoras’ name was chosen, signifying “announced by Pythian.”Just as the oracle predicted, Pythagoras proved to be a very gifted child. History tells that at just eighteen years of age, Pythagoras not only participated in the Olympic games of combat, but he won all of the competitions. Athletic and intellectual, the young Pythagoras was interested as a scholar in Greek philosophy, history and the sciences. Some historians have also noted that he was the student of another celebrated mathematicians: Thales.Pythagoras has been the source of inspiration for manyTo continue his studies, the Greek philosopher and mathematician left on a series of journeys would eventually lead him to Egypt. There, he strove to learn from the teachings of the Egyptian priests until 525 BCE, when the Persians invaded the country and took him as a prisoner to Babylon. There, he utilized his time to study the knowledge of the Babylonian scribes.Once he was allowed to return to the island of Samos, Pythagoras started to teach in an amphitheater, but without much success. In fact, it was his attempts at spreading his knowledge that led to his banishment from the city. He decided to flee to Greater Greece in order to fulfill his goal of creating a school, giving lectures and continuing the tradition of Greek philosophers.Pythagoras made it a priority, throughout all of his life, to apply mathematics to philosophical thought. A number of disciples followed him in his experiences and research with the same passion â€" to the point where some have argued if Pythagoras started a sect and not a school.Pythagoras died around 500 BCE, but once again, the circumstances of his death are not well known.Here is a platform to find a motivated maths tutor near me!The History of the Pythagorean TheoremPythagoras has been the bane of many middle and high-s choolers' existence, with many struggling understand Pythagoras’ most seminal concept, the Pythagorean theorem. It must come as surprise, then, to learn that it was not actually discovered by Pythagoras.Engraved tablets of clay, dating back to 1800 BCE, illustrate that the length of triangles and their properties were already well known to the Babylonians, way before the arrival of Pythagoras. However, the reason Pythagoras has gained the credit for this theorem is because he was the first to define it in the way we still earn it today:“For right triangles with the sides a, b and c, the length of the hypotenuse can be calculated by a2 + b2 = c2.”Theorizing this law led Pythagoras to be forever remembered in the annals of history. To thank the gods for having helped him in his discovery, certain accounts hold Pythagoras to have sacrificed a hundred oxen. However, it was not enough to simply form the law into existence, Pythagoras had to prove his theory.The school founded by Py thagoras was in charge of this task, performing many experiments and calculations towards prove this theorem. The work done by these academics inspired countless other scientists, including even the infamous Leonardo de Vinci and Sir Isaac Newton.The Pythagorean theorem has led to many discoveries, such as the Pythagorean tripleWithout numbers, it is possible to also show the theorem like this:“The sum of the squares of the lengths of a right triangle are equal to the square of its hypotenuse.”This formula permits for the calculation of the length of one side of a right triangle, and simultaneously to prove that the triangle is a right triangle. In fact, if the square of the longest side is equal to the sum of the squares of the two other sides, the triangle is a right triangle.The theorem of Pythagoras, still taught today, led to the advancement of a particular type of geometry, known as “Euclidean geometry.”Other Important Discoveries made by PythagorasPythagoras was a ver itable genius in many respects, and not just mathematics. According to him, mathematicians should strive to learn other subjects like music, philosophy, astronomy, mysticism. During the course of his life, he and his disciples adopted this mentality and managed to bring to light many mathematical discoveries.Most notably, Pythagoras discovered the link between the length of a vibrating string and the pitch of the note played on that string. His investigations in to music didn’t stop there, he also played with glasses containing different levels of water and found that each level of water represented a distinct musical note. These works were the basis of research of many other scientists and mathematicians, including Rene Descartes.His advancements in mathematics continued to permeate into many different disciplines and took on many different forms. Here are some of his most diverse discoveries.Pythagorean SpiralThe Pythagorean spiral is a tool that allows for the geometric visuali zation of the square roots of consecutive whole numbers.To construct them, it is necessary to start by drawing a right triangle where the sides of the angle should be equal to 1. From this, basing the rest on Pythagoras’ theorem, the next step is to build a new triangle based on the hypotenuse of the first. One of the sides of the right angle of the new triangle has to be on the hypotenuse of the first. The other side of the angle should have the value of 1.The spiral forms by continuing the construction of the next right triangles in the same configuration as the ones proceeding it. Thanks to this tool, and the concept of right angles, we know the square roots of the consecutive whole numbers that are equal to the lengths of the hypotenuses of the right triangles.The Pythagorean Table of OppositesThis table is largely utilized to teach multiplication tables to kids and adults.The Pythagorean table is simple: it deals with a table containing two columns. In the first column, on th e left, values are written. These values are multiplied, added or divided, with the values to the right. The response is put on the intersection of the two values on the table.This table, utilized for multiplication, can also be used when there is a large amount of information that needs to be accounted for visually. Why not use this in your mathematics exercises to prepare for some upcoming exams?The School of Pythagoreans in the Context of MathematicsPythagoras’ life goal was to teach math and to always have a group of people around him to help him in his scientific inquiries. This is why he found in Cortona, in the south of Italy, a school known as the School of Pythagoras. Likened to a sect, the members of this school discussed not only science but also aimed to be astute philosophers, politicians, and even involved in religion. In general, all of Pythagoras’ life centered around mathematics.The Pythagorean school was considered a sect by someFor this school, numbers were th e centre of everything. Pythagoras and his disciples continued to interest themselves in the divisibility of numbers and led to the famous proclamation: “numbers rule the universe.”The school lasted for 150 years and is totalled to have had about 218 members, members who were known as Pythagoreans.Because much of the work was executed as a team, it is impossible to know the exact identities of the real inventors of various formulas and principles we attribute to the Pythagorean school. They placed an emphasis on studying perfect numbers, associated numbers and sacred numbers. These latter were particularly appreciated by the Pythagoreans.For them, sacred numbers were made up of the sum of many exceptional numbers. The number 10, for example, could represent the sum of 4 prime numbers, the sum of a pair of squared prime numbers and one perfect number, or even the sum of the first three prime numbers.Pythagoras’ disciples and Pythagoras himself were sometimes considered as magic ians by people in their epoque. This belief was mostly due to the fact that the Pythagoreans had discovered a way to trace a regular pentagon, a figure whose five sides are equal.To do this, the small team utilized five equilateral triangles that formed one pyramid with five faces. Once made, the scientists traced the base of the pyramid to obtain the pentagon. The pentagon that was traced by the figure was used as their symbol.The school of Pythagoreans was broken up after a dispute between two political factions within the group itself.Pythagoras and his school played a vital role in the evolution of mathematics. Whole numbers, circumferences, quadrilaterals, perpendicular, relative numbers, addition, parallelogram, decimals, sine, conjecture, scale products, fragment, diamond â€" all aspects of the math we learn today passed through the hand of the great mathematician.

What is your learning style

What is your learning style 0SHARESShare The ancient command by Socrates and Plato to ‘Know Thyself’ extends to the modern world too, especially in the field of education. It is important to know your own learning style so that you can use it with better precision to increase learning abilities. The three accepted styles of learning are those of auditory learning, kin esthetic and visual. Most of us accept the audio form of learning when we attend lectures in school and class. Although this is the most common form of teaching and learning only a fraction of the students can pay enough attention to retain all that is spoken. Most students’ minds begin to wander after a few minutes of listening and many are prone to sleeping in class. It becomes necessary to add visual aids to hold the attention of students. If you find yourself paying attention only when some material is shown to corroborate the subject being studied then your style of learning is certainly visual. It is thus common to have blackboards and whiteboards in class to give a visual aspect to the audible speech of the teacher. The third kind of learning is done through the sense of touch or tactile style of learning. This will surely be your forte if you prefer to work in a hands-on environment. Perhaps you love to touch things in the laboratory and add an additional dimension by smelling them. Maybe you are comfortable with taking apart mechanical gadgets and then putting them together again. In this case it is certain that your style of learning can be categorized as being kin esthetic or tactile. Having discovered your favorite style of learning with experience it is best to sharpen your learning skills by attending classes and learning subjects which you feel are well adapted to your learning style. The most preferred style is that of visual learning. Research shows that 65 percent of people prefer this style. Only 5 percent go for the tactile style of learning while the remaining 30 percent are comfortable with an audio style of learning. Your learning style will also determine your future career. You should collaborate with your teachers and ask them to configure lectures and presentations into a style which is comfortable for you. This will certainly help you in acquiring academic excellence. [starbox id=admin]

What is it Like to Attend University of South Florida

What is it Like to Attend University of South Florida The tutors behind Varsity Tutors are not just here to teach theyre sharing their college experiences as well. Ray earned a Bachelors degree in International Studies from University of South Florida in 2014. He is currently a Tampa tutor specializing in German tutoring, Economics tutoring, and Statistics tutoring. Check out his review of University of South Florida: VT: Describe the campus setting and transportation options.How urban or safe is the campus?Are there buses or do you need a car/bike? Ray: At University of South Florida, you will find a lot of commuters. As a result, there are several options for getting around campus. We have Bull Runners, or buses that run routes both on campus and into the neighboring areas around the university. If you own a bike, you will have no trouble getting around. Even if you do not have a bike, you can rent one from Campus Recreation! The overall feel of the campus is safe, but there are definitely some less-than-favorable areas not far from the borders of University of South Florida. However, it is easy to learn what places to avoid. I have personally never had any issues, even when walking around at night. VT:How available are the professors, academic advisers, and teaching assistants? Ray: University of South Florida uses eScheduler, which makes it easy to plan time with advisers or with any other service offered at the school. The professors are usually excited to talk with you about their fields, personal research, or other coursesyou just have to ask. The teaching assistants vary in their attitudes. Some are fulfilling requirements, and some are getting experience in the fields they are passionate about. Again, showing interest is a good way to receive the best help from faculty. VT: How would you describe the dorm life rooms, dining options, location, socialization opportunities with other students? Ray: Living in the dorms at University of South Florida can provide one of many experiences. Personally, I stayed in Castor Hall, known as one of the smallest options available. Though many people complained about the lack of space, I found it to be a good excuse to socialize with the people in my building. Having a space just for sleeping and studying was a good way to see that there was a lot to do outside of my room. The dining options get similarly mixed reviews. Champions Choice, conveniently located right outside our gym, offers the healthiest options. Argos is open until late in the morning, and Andros is conveniently in the middle of campus. The food itself is pretty good, and there is something for everyone (even vegans). There are many opportunities to socialize with other students, but like anything else, it is what you make of it. You could theoretically go to class, go to your room, and have a perfectly fulfilling college career, but the dorm life makes it incredibly easy to make friends, create experiences you will remember, and enhance the time you spend at the university. VT: Which majors/programs are best represented and supported?What did you study and why? Did the university do a good job supporting your particular area of study? Ray: University of South Florida is pushing STEM majors. We have a strong Engineering major, but also a focus on the arts, international concentrations, and business. I majored in International Studies after taking several German classes, studying abroad, and finding my International Business courses overly generalized and irrelevant to what I found interesting in the world. The school did a great job with this field; the faculty and students are all very interested in the subject, and there are incredible opportunities for entering the international arena (job-wise) while you are at the university. We even have a National Competitive Intelligence Program. VT: How easy or difficult was it for you to meet people and make friends as a freshman? Does Greek life play a significant role in the campus social life? Ray: Greek life at University of South Florida seems as equally influential as at the other universities I have visited. I personally did not participate, but I had no problem making friends, connecting with a variety of people, and enjoying the social aspect of my college career. As a freshman, all you need to do is walk around, ask someone to eat with you at the dining hall (there is always one nearby), or just strike up a conversation with someone while sitting and enjoying the scenery. VT: How helpful is the Career Centerand other student support services?Do many reputable companies recruit on campus? Ray: There are a slew of companies that regularly market on campus to students. In conjunction with the Career Center, we have an online job board for employers specifically interested in our student body. The Career Center will help you critique your resume, stage a mock interview, or simply coach you toward becoming more professional through one-on-one meetings or their many workshops. There is also an annual career fair for all majors, for Engineering majors, and also for part-time positions. VT: How are the various study areas such aslibraries, the student union, and dorm lounges? Are they over-crowded, easily available, spacious? Ray: The school does an excellent job of providing a variety of areas to study in. For those who find the library too crowded, there is a very well equipped sky lounge in the Marshall Student Center. The dorms all offer common areas to gather in that make for a good way to get out of your room, without having to trek across campus. VT: Describe the surrounding town. What kinds of outside establishments / things to do are there that make it fun, boring, or somewhere in between?To what extent do students go to the downtown area of the city versus staying near campus? Ray: Unfortunately, Tampa by nature is very spread out. The top locations for going out (Ybor City, SoHo, Channelside, Downtown) are all quite far (25 minutes by interstate) from campus. This also makes it incredibly difficult to go out/get around if you do not own a car. But if you do not have one, it is not hard to make a friend who does! VT: How big or small is the student body? Were you generally pleased or displeased with the typical class sizes? Ray: There are over 40,000 students at University of South Florida, but many of them are commuters. For this reason, it can feel a bit hectic with all of the drivers. The class sizes vary tremendouslymy German courses had no more than 20 students per class, whereas many common courses will be taught in a lecture hall of 300+ people. I found the variance nice, as it helps you appreciate the perks and drawbacks of the different class sizes. VT: Describe one memorable experience with a professor and/or class. Perhaps one you loved the most or one youregretthe most. Ray: As far as a memorable experience, it is much easier to remember things we found embarrassing. I did not give my first presentation to a large class until senior year. Public Speaking only prepared me to speak in front of a group of 20 standing in front of a class of closer to 100, I basically froze. I know it always feels worse to the person on the spot, but I can now really respect people who can naturally speak in front of large groups. Check out Rays tutoring profile. The views expressed in this article do not necessarily represent the views of Varsity Tutors.

10 Famous Economic Theories

10 Famous Economic Theories What Is An Economic Model? ChaptersThere’s More Than One Economic ModelEach Great Economist Has Their Own Economic TheoryOther Examples Of Economic ModelsFind Out More About Your Favourite Economic TheoryAn economic model seeks to explain our economic reality, for example why markets behave the way they do. What's more,  an economic model seeks to test an assumption or theory about economic behaviour. However, how this is tested depends on the model used.Sam Ouliaris, a senior economist at the IMF Institute, suggests that economists will use either a theoretical economic model or an empirical economic model to test their theories.He argues that whilst a theoretical model will focus on providing qualitative answers and predictions of an individual's behaviour or market behaviour, an empirical model will seek to provide numerical substantiation to such theories. Further, how simple, or indeed complex, a model is, will depend on the economist creating the model, and what aims they are seeking to achieve.The div ision of labour;Free trade; andA laissez-faire economic system, including the belief that markets have a tendency to self-regulate.It is interesting to note that Adam Smith was a most controversial figure in his time.One reason for the derision his writings were often subjected to was the fact that the economic model he proposed was so contrary to the political machine of his day.It just so happened that Adam Smith was alive in a time of great change in his country.He was a mere babe when Scotland signed the Treaty of Union with England, releasing his country of onerous tariffs levied by England and opening lucrative trade routes with the American colonies.Naturally, he was not aware of these events, young as he was but, in his later years, they surely must have played a role in his theorising of economic matters.When he was in his teens â€" now, surely able to grasp the ramifications of events, the Bank of Scotland suffered accusations of being Jacobite sympathisers. In 1727, that bank’s rival received its Royal Charter.The two institutions attempted to drive each other out of business. These ‘bank wars’ ended in 1751 â€" coincidentally, only a few years before our Mr Smith published his Theory of Moral Sentiments.Essentially, the overarching belief of this school was that markets should always move to be in equilibrium. For example, over time, any change to supply should be equalled by a corresponding move in demand.In this work, he alludes to ‘the invisible hand’ in his contemplation of the rich; namely that they are compelled, not by law but by a moral imperative to distribute onto the poor the necessities of life â€" presumably wages and/or goods.Turns out that Mr Smith was an economist by default; his theories were formulated on morality rather than on any fiscal sense. Thus it comes as no surprise that he is considered an Enlightened thinker!My economics teacher London is a classical economist!Laissez-Faire CapitalismThe theory of Laissez-fair e capitalism is closely linked to classical economics as well as thinkers such as Adam Smith.Far from the lackadaisical impression this term suggests, this economic theory rests on five fundamentals:The basic unit of any society is the individualThe natural right to freedom mustn’t be denied to any individualNature herself is a harmonious and self-regulating systemIndividuals must closely watch corporations and other entities of the State because of their inclination to disrupt (the Smithian) spontaneous order.Even today, we find evidence of this economic model. Shareholders have the right to review company balance sheets, for example. Governments also apply this theory by instituting oversight committees and submitting to external audits.The fifth, most important tenet is that markets should always be competitive. Here is where the concept of Laisser Faire runs into trouble!Governments routinely adjust interest rates to stimulate their economies, meet their target inflation rates or add value to their currency.While these practices could be considered manipulation, they are generally accepted as a legitimate means of maintaining an economy.Corporations, on the other hand, are not permitted such tactics.When a company artificially inflates its stock, it shows as more valuable than it actually is on the stock markets, effectively forming an economic bubble with nothing to sustain it.Such pump and dump schemes are illegal and the perpetrators are generally caught... not by individuals, as the Laisser Faire doctrine states but by government overseers.Those that advocate such a system argue that markets are effectively self-regulating and that as a result government interference in economic policy, for example through imposing import or export tariffs, is harmful. As such, to obtain the most benefit for all, capitalism should be free to run its own course.There are different types of economic modelling. (Source: CC BY-SA 3.0, Jarry1250, Wikimedia Commons)Marxism Karl Marx may be better remembered as a philosopher, but it’s equally true that he contributed much to the field of economics.His two major works in economics and economic history were:Title (English)Title (German)First PublishedAuthorsThe Communist ManifestoManifest der Kommunistischen Partei1848Karl Marx and Friedrich EngelsCapitalDas Kapital1867Karl MarxAs many will be aware, Marx was not an advocate of capitalism and saw many faults with the system, including conflict and instability.As divergent as their thinking was, Marx and Smith’s philosophies were grounded in the same plot: economic modelling must be driven by a moral code.Karl Marx believed no one person was any better, more worthy or more deserving than anyone else.That being the case, why should one have riches and the other not? Or, more specifically, why should anyone suffer any lack when there is enough for everyone to have at least basic necessities, education and health care?His philosophies flew in the face of the day’s commonly-held beliefs.Bear in mind that his pronouncements came at a time when everyone who was able was fighting to get rich.After the Revolutions of 1848, when most European monarchies were overthrown, the transition from serfdom to an economic model where people bartered their labour proved far more difficult than anyone had foreseen.Young Marx deplored the idea of people selling their time and abilities for just enough sustenance while those they laboured for essentially took the place of the so recently vacated nobility class.It might seem contrary that Marx had no problem with capitalism as an economic model. Rather, he baulked at the concept of capital; the propensity of workers to become the tools of the business owners.Contrary to thinkers such as Adam Smith, Marx believed that at the heart of capitalism was the history of class struggle itself. In an almost Hegelian-vein, Marx argued that ultimately it would be this struggle that would destroy capitalism and t hat it would drive society towards a new age of communism.Efficient Market HypothesisThe Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is a theory within the field of financial economics and is often referenced in relation to investments and the stock market.Essentially, EMH proposes that an investor can never “beat the market” because the stock market reflects all possible available information. Although this theory is commonly referenced and used, it has been the subject of fierce debate and criticism, with detractors arguing, for example, that figures such as Warren Buffett have been able to consistently beat the market for decades.The Efficient Market Hypothesis supposes that all checks and balances are in place and working, that every entity is absolutely honest and that market fluctuations are always predictable.Essentially, it is an effective way of embracing Laisser Faire economics and the ‘Invisible Hand’ postulate; a combination which would naturally foster fair trade.Because these economic fundamentals are in place and working well, no entity â€" investor or business would be able to play the market  to their advantage.Were it not for the human factor, this would be a lovely, compact economic theory.Let’s examine the effects of international policy in America on world financial markets, just for illustration purposes.Information bias, the propensity to seek more information about a situation even though it has no direct impact on any action, is an example of cognitive bias that affects the economy.Will my earnings be safe? Will other countries want to buy my products?Will investors continue to support my venture in good faith even though it seems that this government intends to disturb the equilibrium we’ve so far enjoyed?Even after absorbing all the possible information about the situation, these entities resort to their own, perhaps irrational thinking about it. Past practice shows they would likely shed more volatile stocks in favour of buying gr owth stocks, often at a higher rate.This trend has a dual effect on the economy.For one, it reduces the value of the riskier stocks and compels investors to bypass them.On the other hand, others would profit by buying those neglected stocks at a reduced rate as well as from the over-reaction of those selling growth stocks.That would be the Buffett formula, in case you were wondering.Each Great Economist Has Their Own Economic TheoryAs we mentioned above, there is a wide range of economic theories in existence. However, if you want to study the most influential or widely-supported economic theories, try reading the key theories of major economists.The Invisible HandAdam Smith, an 18th-century philosopher, is a pivotal figure in economics and has been associated with the classical school of economics.One of Smith’s most famous concepts was that of the “invisible hand,” which he describes in his work The Wealth of Nations. Illustrative of a free market economy, Smith argued that there was an invisible hand that guided the economy towards balance and equilibrium, despite the self-interest of individuals.Adam Smith's economic model has been hugely influential. (Source: CC BY-SA 3.0, Guinnog, Wikimedia Commons)Keynesian EconomicsJohn Maynard Keynes is one of the most famous figures in economics, largely due to the wide influence that his theories had on global markets in the 20th century.The key tenet of Keynesian economics was the idea that the government should involve itself in the running of a capitalist economy.Specifically, Keynes argued that governments should spend more during times of economic downturn in order to stabilise the economy and raise demand for goods and services. This, in turn, should help the economy to grow.As with all of these economic philosophies, we have to look at what was happening in the world and with various economies, to get a real sense of what, exactly, the economist intended by his model.There is little argument among econo mists today that America’s Great Depression was caused by that country’s central bank, The Fed, not taking action in the face of the banking crisis.Actions that might have averted the monumental economic collapse include lowering interest rates and regulating banks.Prior to the Great Depression, banks in the US were largely unregulated; they had the power to print money to meet all of their fiscal obligations. The Fed made no corresponding moves, leading to a disparity of worth between the two systems.The ensuing monetary contraction led to panic, causing people to rush to banks and withdraw all of their funds.That is if funds were available for withdrawal.The Keynesian model revolves around the idea that, if the central bank had oversight and control of local banks, the depression could have been avoided.In times of slowing economy, the government must run deficits in order to keep people employed because private sector businesses cannot be counted on to invest enough in produc tion to keep the economy afloat.Such deficits may include lowering taxes and increasing government spending (which would represent a deficit in their budget).Although he is not without his critics, as his ideas marked a step away from Laissez Faire policies espoused by the likes of Adam Smith, there is no denying the influence Keynes’ theories have had.Friedman MonetarismMilton Friedman, a U.S. economist, was, in contrast to Keynes, an advocate for the free market, and has been closely associated with the theory of monetarism.The Keynesian model advocated for the government manipulating the economy through fluctuating tax rates and varying government spending to suit the times.Monetarism, on the other hand, advocates for the government controlling how much money is in circulation but taking no action.In other words: the government should focus solely on maintaining sustainable rates of economic ability.Believing that manipulation of money’s growth rate or, indeed, the supply of money itself would destabilise the economy, Friedman proposed a fixed money rule, whereby the supply of money would be increased by a set percentage each year.Friedman believed in keeping wages and prices flexible as part of a Laissez Faire economy. In particular, the theory of monetarism argues that the amount of money in supply within an economy should be kept constant, with just enough room to grow naturally.As such, in contrast to Keynes, the concept of monetarism goes against proposals or suggestions for excessive government intervention or regulation.The monetarist economic theory calls for the government to keep their hands off of your money! Source: Pixabay Credit: JarmolukOther Examples Of Economic ModelsNew economic theories and models are developing all the time, and there have been major contributions to new economic fields, such as behavioural economics, over the past fifty years or so. We outline some of the more recent economic theories that any economics student or u niversity graduate should know about below.Asymmetric InformationThe concept of asymmetric information was brought to prominence by three economists:George Akerlof;Michael Spence; andJoseph Stiglitz.The argument is that, in a transaction, often one party (usually the seller) has access to more information and knowledge than the other party (usually the purchaser).Information asymmetry is not solely an economic problem: military leaders constantly miscalculate their prospects of victory â€" a classic case of information asymmetry.We see examples of unequal equations everywhere today: we don’t really know if North Korea is continuing to operate their nuclear facilities, whether the forces of ISIS really are decimated or how the European Union will trade with us post-Brexit â€" no matter what they say.In a perfect world, such negotiations would function like a chess game: all the pieces on the board and all of the possible moves obvious to anyone who studies the pieces.The implicatio n of this theory is that, contrary to some economic models that assume perfect information symmetry, markets do not, in fact, operate in this manner, and that the existence of asymmetric information can lead to “adverse selection.”Prospect TheoryDaniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky were the minds behind prospect theory. The theory posits that individuals, contrary to the assumptions in most economic models, are not always fully rational decision makers.Kahneman and Tversky used their research to argue that individuals value gains and losses differently, with greater emphasis placed on possible gains than possible losses. For this reason, this theory has also been described as the “loss aversion” theory.As a result, Kahneman and Tversky argue that some of our decisions are based more on emotion and our memories than logic. This theory falls within the field of behavioural economics and can be used to illustrate why people sometimes follow less than logical behaviours in financial markets.Game TheoryGame theory has wide-reaching applications, from  psychology to politics and  biology to  business.Naturally, it has also been welcomed within the area of economics. Essentially, the theory studies human conflict and co-operation in times of competition, and the strategies that individuals adopt as a result.You could say that Game Theory as applied to economics underscores the principles of classical economics:Division of labour: ‘players’ help each other outFree trade: participants assign their own values for bartering.Laisser-Faire: the game’s outcome would be self-regulatingThe Invisible Hand component refers to every game participant’s common sense of fair play and equanimity.Game theory has helped to address some issues that could not be explained by other schools of economic thought. For example, game theory helps to explain the concept of imperfect competition, which not all economic models allow for.One of the first pioneers of the field was John von Neumann, although there have been many other contributors, such as John Nash, who developed the Nash Equilibrium.Game theory is becoming an increasingly popular economic theory. (Source: CC BY-SA 2.0, brewbooks, Wikimedia Commons)Find Out More About Your Favourite Economic TheoryAlthough there are a number of economic theories and models out there, it’s worthwhile spending some time familiarising yourself with the most famous economic models. You can do so by reading books on the subject. This is for a variety of reasons, not least because:You can learn more about a particular school of economic thought;You can develop your understanding of a major economic thinker â€" from Keynes to Friedman; andYou can help improve your knowledge of your course or university curriculum.The best way to learn about particular economic models is to read the relevant works by their proponents, for example, The Wealth of Nations or Das Kapital, but if you need any extra help understanding key eco nomic theories you could also turn to a tutor for help, especially if you don't have the time to read every major economic text in detail.If you decide that an Economics tutor would be the best way to help you learn more about these important economic theories, then you could look for your A Level Economics tutor on an online tutoring site. Sites such as Superprof have a range of economics tutors who are very familiar with all the major economic theories listed above, and they would be happy to help you deepen your knowledge of these models.Superprof has economic tutors online!If you'd like to read up on the financial crisis of 2008, click here.

Breathing Techniques for Yoga

Breathing Techniques for Yoga How Do You Master Yogic Breathing Techniques? ChaptersThe Importance of Breathing in YogaLearn to Breathe Better during Yoga by Listening to Your BodyBreathing Correctly during Yoga PosesListen to Your Yoga Tutor to Master Your Breathing“If you want to conquer the anxiety of life, live in the moment, live in the breath.” - Amit RayOur bodies are a useful tool. We use them every day and through breathing exercises and a bit of yoga, we can make them even better. Breathing exercises are an integral part of yoga along with meditation to ensure we get the most out of our bodies.We often struggle to breathe correctly. As an example, researchers have found that between 30% and 45% of adults regularly snore as a result of improper breathing. This can be a worry if you’re doing yoga.So how exactly can you master breathing when you’re doing yoga?You’re about to find out because in this article, we're going to look at why breathing is important when you do yoga, how mindfulness and an awareness of your own body can help you with this, how you can breathe while doing yoga poses, and how a yoga instructor can help you with this. CarleyYoga Teacher 5.00 (5) £100/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors LynnYoga Teacher 4.89 (9) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors GenYoga Teacher £45/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JulieYoga Teacher £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors AliceYoga Teacher £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors LauraYoga Teacher 5.00 (6) £70/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors UndramYoga Teacher £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors LottieYoga Teacher £10/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsThe Importance of Breathing in YogaYoga is becoming increasingly popular in the UK. With this in mind, a lot of people are interested in how to do it correctly. You need to learn how to warm up, do mindfulness meditation and other meditation techniques, and correctly control your breathing as you do all this.In addition to keeping us alive, breathing i s also an essential part of doing yoga correctly. (Source: StockSnap)Breathing is the first thing to master when you’re doing yoga as it facilitates your movements and enables you to do the poses or asanas. Your chest cavity, abdominal muscles, and spine will all play a pivotal role in just how well you can breathe.Yoga breathing (or pranayama) different to normal breathing. You don't just inhale and exhale, you have to listening to your body, sensations, pains, and calming down and breathing deeply and letting the body do its thing, often as you do an asana (yoga postures or poses). Breathing is a tool that can be used to combat anxiety and stress. It’s a tool that you can use to calm yourself down, appease the nervous system, and manage pain just by bringing air in through your nostrils.In yoga, your breath is believed to be your “life force” or “vital principle” and originates from the sun and manifests as your exhaled breath since it lives in your lungs.By being less stressed, you can do poses better and make them more effective. This is one of the most important aspects of breathing when doing yoga. You need to breathe in through your nose, out through your mouth, and make use of your abdominal muscles in order to relieve muscle tension. Now it’s over to you!Find out more about getting started with yoga!Learn to Breathe Better during Yoga by Listening to Your BodyWhen you breathe correctly, you’ll listen to your body. This can help you master each inhalation, exhalation, and deep breathing. We often forget that our metabolism is a good indicator of our overall health and how well we’re taking care of our bodies. To feel less stress, anxiety, and more positive, try breathing!If you treat your body right, it'll reward you by helping you to do yoga. (Source: jesslef)Wherever you feel pain, be it the collarbone, back, or your foot, it’s a good idea to ease the pain through deep breathing. Listen to your body and it’ll tell you what’s w rong. Whether it needs some time to heal, you can help it through a good breath in and a good breath out which will make you feel better. Despite what many think, you can actually only learn to really breathe through yoga.Whether you’re stretching, meditating, standing, or sitting, there are plenty of different activities we do that require that we change the way we breathe. We need to listen to what our bodies are telling us. Breathing through your nose is a good way to relax and alleviate stress during times when not everything is going as well as it should.In fact, there are yoga breathing exercises for each yoga posture. No matter what type of yoga you're practising, there'll be yoga breathing exercises that you'll need to do as you each pose. Breath control in yoga is quite a complicated breathing technique as you're doing more than just inhaling and exhaling, it involves diaphragmatic breathing, something you'll probably cover during your yoga classes near me.Check out these common yoga poses!Breathing Correctly during Yoga PosesBy fully breathing out, you’ll be mindful of your own breathing, which will be useful for doing the various yoga poses. However, some poses require a particular type of breathing. This is when you’ll need to really know what you’re doing and listen to your body.Yoga poses require that you breathe correctly. (Source: shushipu)A series of yoga poses can quickly tire you out. Pranayama breathing is a good way to manage your energy and not end up out of breath by the end of it. Since most yoga poses are designed to include a specific type of breathing, they’re a good opportunity to learn more about it.You're probably aware how oxygen works to help your body and mind to utilise the energy that we get from your food. Slowly but surely, you'll learn more about how to use your breathing and developing an awareness it from your yoga teacher in your yoga class.You can gain a deeper understanding of how to breathe effectively by c hoosing poses with a particular focus on your breathing. Mastering your breathing can help you to master your understanding of the world and yoga poses are a great way to do this. Between a sun salutation, downward dog, and the lotus, there are plenty of options for those wanting to work on their breathing.Each pose is good for our breathing in a different way and yoga is all about letting go and listening to our body. Letting go will make your body feel lighter and more flexible and make your breathing more streamlined.Learning how to breathe is one of the key teachings of yoga which, through various different activities, gives the impression of being an almost miraculous cure to many different problems. By bending your back, you’ll have to breathe in a different way as to how you could while standing up, for example.You'll also need to consider improving your alignment!Listen to Your Yoga Tutor to Master Your BreathingThere are plenty of different ways to work on mastering your breathing. Whether you’re doing a one-on-one yoga session or a group session, there’ll be an instructor or tutor there to help you master your breathing.Every yoga tutor will help you with your breathing techniques. (Source: janeb13)In fact, if they’re teaching yoga, they’ll probably be well aware of all the different problems people encounter when trying to listen to their body and master their breathing. You’ll need to trust them as they’re there to help you improve. They’re a savant who blends teaching and wellbeing.Whatever your reasons for doing yoga, your tutor should be able to put you on the right path to breathing correctly and harmonising with your body. We often forget that breathing helps provide us with the vital energy we need to live.Similarly, it can help when strengthening muscles, warming up, meditating, or sophrology. It’s useful for dealing with panic attacks, managing stress, and being mindful that we’ve been breathing since the day we were bor n. While it helps us to do yoga, it can also help us to live better by reducing pain and anxiety.Thus, even though is a simple and accessible pursuit that anyone can do, it’s also so much more than that. It allows us to think differently about our body, to consider it as a whole and as all the parts, and this all starts with breathing. We can learn, through various techniques and approaches, how to master it, how to perform better, and, most importantly, how to live better lives every day.Each breathing exercise will help you learn more about yoga whether you're doing ashtanga yoga, hatha yoga, or vinyasa yoga. Pranayama techniques and breathing are an essential part of yoga.We can use breathing to better manage how we deal with crises, stress, and ourselves. We are intelligent beings capable of using our breathing as our strength rather than our weakness. In addition to teaching us all this, yoga is also incredibly enjoyable! One, two, three, breathe!If you're interested in findi ng a yoga tutor or instructor, you can search for yoga on Superprof. You can either opt for online private tutorials over webcam or one-on-one private tutorials with a tutor who lives or works near you. Most instructors offer the first hour for free so make sure you try a few to find who's the best tutor for you.